Current challenges in the treatment of gliomas: The molecular era
Gliomas arise from glial cells within the central nervous system and account for about 80%-85% of malignant brain tumors in adults. In children, low-grade pediatric glioma is the most common type of central nervous system tumor. Historically, diagnosis was based on histological features, but in 2016, the World Health Organization updated its classification to include molecular data alongside anatomical pathology for a more comprehensive diagnosis. This ML390 molecular characterization has improved diagnostic accuracy and prognostic staging, leading to more precise treatments. Current research focuses on developing more effective therapies to extend survival and enhance the quality of life for both adult and pediatric glioma patients, although gains in survival have been limited. Clinical guidelines, as well as the accompanying article by Mohamed et al., now incorporate molecular biomarkers to guide treatment decisions, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Additionally, this approach facilitates the design of clinical trials for new therapies, which is particularly crucial for pediatric gliomas.